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Table of Contents

The Practice of Statistics for the AP® Course, 7e
Table of Contents

About the Authors 
Content Advisory Board and Supplements Team  
Acknowledgments  
To the Student 

UNIT 1 Exploring One-Variable Data 

Part I Data Analysis 
Introduction 
Section 1A Statistics: The Language of Variation 
Section 1B Displaying and Describing Categorical Data  
Section 1C Displaying Quantitative Data with Graphs 
Section 1D Describing Quantitative Data with Numbers 
Unit 1, Part I Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 1, Part I Review 
Unit 1, Part I Review Exercises 
Unit 1, Part I AP® Statistics Practice Test 

Part II Modeling Distributions of Quantitative Data 
Introduction 
Section 1E Describing Position and Transforming Data  
Section 1F Normal Distributions 
Unit 1, Part II Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 1, Part II Review 
Unit 1, Part II Review Exercises 
Unit 1, Part II AP® Statistics Practice Test 

UNIT 2 Exploring Two-Variable Data 
Introduction 
Section 2A Relationships Between Two Categorical Variables 
Section 2B Relationships Between Two Quantitative Variables 
Section 2C Linear Regression Models 
Section 2D Analyzing Departures from Linearity 
Unit 2 Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 2 Review 
Unit 2 Review Exercises 
Unit 2 AP® Statistics Practice Test 

UNIT 3 Collecting Data 
Introduction 
Section 3A Introduction to Data Collection 
Section 3B Sampling and Surveys 
Section 3C Experiments 
Unit 3 Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 3 Review 
Unit 3 Review Exercises 
Unit 3 AP® Statistics Practice Test 
Unit 3 Project 
CUMULATIVE AP® PRACTICE TEST 1 

UNIT 4 Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions  

Part I Probability 
Introduction 
Section 4A Randomness, Probability, and Simulation 
Section 4B Probability Rules  
Section 4C Conditional Probability and Independent Events 
Unit 4, Part I Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 4, Part I Review 
Unit 4, Part I Review Exercises 
Unit 4, Part I AP® Statistics Practice Test 

Part II Random Variables and Probability Distributions
Introduction 
Section 4D Introduction to Discrete Random Variables  
Section 4E Transforming and Combining Random Variables 
Section 4F Binomial and Geometric Random Variables 
Unit 4, Part II Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 4, Part II Review 
Unit 4, Part II Review Exercises 
Unit 4, Part II AP® Statistics Practice Test 

UNIT 5 Sampling Distributions 
Introduction 
Section 5A Normal Distributions, Revisited 
Section 5B What is a Sampling Distribution? 
Section 5C Sample Proportions 
Section 5D Sample Means 
Unit 5 Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 5 Review 
Unit 5 Review Exercises 
Unit 5 AP® Statistics Practice Test 
CUMULATIVE AP® PRACTICE TEST 2 

UNIT 6 Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions 

Part I: Inference for One Sample   
Introduction 
Section 6A Confidence Intervals: The Basics 
Section 6B Confidence Intervals for a Population Proportion 
Section 6C Significance Tests: The Basics 
Section 6D Significance Tests for a Population Proportion 
Unit 6, Part I Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 6, Part I Review 
Unit 6, Part I Review Exercises 
Unit 6, Part I AP® Statistics Practice Test 

Part II: Inference for Two Samples 
Introduction 
Section 6E Confidence Intervals for a Difference in Population Proportions 
Section 6F Significance Tests for a Difference in Population Proportions 
Unit 6, Part II Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 6, Part II Review 
Unit 6, Part II Review Exercises 
Unit 6, Part II AP® Statistics Practice Test 

UNIT 7 Inference for Quantitative Data: Means 
Introduction 
Section 7A Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean or Mean Difference 
Section 7B Significance Tests for a Population Mean or Mean Difference  
Section 7C Confidence Intervals for a Difference in Population Means 
Section 7D Significance Tests for a Difference in Population Means  
Unit 7 Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 7 Review 
Unit 7 Review Exercises 
Unit 7 AP® Statistics Practice Test 
CUMULATIVE AP® PRACTICE TEST 3 

UNIT 8 Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square 
Section 8A Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit 
Section 8B Chi-Square Tests for Independence or Homogeneity 
Unit 8 Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 8 Review 
Unit 8 Review Exercises 
Unit 8 AP® Statistics Practice Test 

UNIT 9 Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes 
Introduction 
Section 9A Confidence Intervals for the Slope of a Population Regression Line 
Section 9B Significance Tests for the Slope of a Population Regression Line  
Unit 9 Wrap-Up 
Free Response AP® Problem, Yay! 
Unit 9 Review 
Unit 9 Review Exercises 
Unit 9 AP® Statistics Practice Test 
CUMULATIVE AP® PRACTICE TEST 4 

 
Strategies for Success on the AP® Exam
Solutions
Notes and Data Sources
Glossary/Glosario
Index
Formulas for the AP® Exam
Tables
Table A Standard Normal probabilities
Table B t distribution critical values
Table C Chi-square distribution critical values
Table D Random digits

Additional Online Chapters
Analysis of Variance
Multiple Linear Regression
Logistic Regression

Authors

Daren S. Starnes

Daren Starnes has taught a variety of statistics courses — including Introductory Statistics, AP® Statistics, and Mathematical Statistics — for 25 years. He earned his MA in mathematics from the University of Michigan and his BS in mathematics from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Daren has been a Reader, Table Leader, and Question Leader for the AP® Statistics exam for over 20 years. As a College Board consultant since 1999, Daren has led hundreds of workshops for AP® Statistics teachers throughout the United States and overseas. He frequently presents in-person and online sessions about statistics teaching and learning for high school and college faculty. Daren is an active member of the American Statistical Association (ASA), the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), the American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges (AMATYC), and the International Association for Statistical Education (IASE). He served on the ASA/NCTM Joint Committee on the Curriculum in Statistics and Probability for six years. While on the committee, he edited the Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education (GAISE) Report: A Pre-K–12 Curriculum Framework report. Daren is coauthor of The Practice of Statistics (now in its seventh edition), the best-selling textbook for AP® Statistics, and of Statistics and Probability with Applications (now in its fourth edition), a popular choice for high school introductory statistics. Daren and his wife Judy enjoy traveling, rambling walks, jigsaw puzzles, and spending time with their three sons and seven grandchildren.

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Josh Tabor

Josh Tabor has enjoyed teaching Introductory and AP® Statistics for more than 26 years. He received a BS in mathematics from Biola University, in La Mirada, California. In recognition of his outstanding work as an educator, Josh was named one of five finalists for Arizona Teacher of the Year in 2011. He is a past member of the AP® Statistics Development Committee (2005–2009), as well as an experienced Table Leader, Question Leader, and Exam Leader at the AP® Statistics Reading. In 2013, Josh was named to the SAT® Mathematics Development Committee. Josh is a member of the American Statistical Association (ASA) and was a reviewer for the ASA’s Pre-K–12 Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education II (GAISE II). Each year, Josh leads many workshops and frequently speaks at local, national, and international conferences. In addition to teaching and speaking, he has authored articles in The American Statistician, The Mathematics Teacher, STATS Magazine, and The Journal of Statistics Education. Josh is coauthor of The Practice of Statistics (now in its seventh edition), the best-selling textbook for AP® Statistics, and of Statistics and Probability with Applications (now in its fourth edition), a popular choice for high school introductory statistics. Combining his love of statistics and sports, Josh teamed with Christine Franklin to write Statistical Reasoning in Sports, an innovative textbook for statistical literacy courses. Outside of work, Josh enjoys gardening, traveling, and playing board games with his family.

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