Sources of The Making of the West, Volume II: Since 1500
Peoples and CulturesFourth Edition ©2012
Sources of The Making of the West provides written and visual documents closely aligned with each chapter of The Making of the West. This two-volume collection reinforces the major political, economic, social, and cultural developments in the textbook by allowing students to
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Sources that bring the periods, cultures, and societies of the West to life
Sources that bring the periods, cultures, and societies of the West to life
Sources of The Making of the West provides written and visual documents closely aligned with each chapter of The Making of the West. This two-volume collection reinforces the major political, economic, social, and cultural developments in the textbook by allowing students to engage directly with the voices of those who experienced them. Over thirty new documents and visual sources highlight the diversity of historical voices — including both notable figures and ordinary individuals — that shaped each period. To aid students in approaching and interpreting documents, each chapter contains an introduction, document headnotes, and questions for discussion.
“I have recommended the Sources of The Making of the West to several colleagues in various institutions and have told them that it contains sources that I want to use in the classroom and that students actually want to read and discuss.”
— Laura K. Hutchings, University of Utah
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 14 Global Encounters and the Shock of the Reformation, 1492-1560
1. Worlds Collide: Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (c. 1567)
2. Illustrating a Native Perspective: Lienzo de Tlaxcala (c. 1560)
3. Defending Native Humanity: Bartolomé de Las Casas, In Defense of the Indians (c. 1548-1550)
4. Scripture and Salvation: Martin Luther, Freedom of a Christian (1520)
5. Reforming Christianity: John Calvin, Articles Concerning Predestination (c. 1560) and The Necessity of Reforming the Church (1543)
6. Responding to Reformation: St. Ignatius of Loyola, A New Kind of Catholicism (1546, 1549, 1553)
1. Worlds Collide: Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The True History of the Conquest of New Spain (c. 1567)
2. Illustrating a Native Perspective: Lienzo de Tlaxcala (c. 1560)
3. Defending Native Humanity: Bartolomé de Las Casas, In Defense of the Indians (c. 1548-1550)
4. Scripture and Salvation: Martin Luther, Freedom of a Christian (1520)
5. Reforming Christianity: John Calvin, Articles Concerning Predestination (c. 1560) and The Necessity of Reforming the Church (1543)
6. Responding to Reformation: St. Ignatius of Loyola, A New Kind of Catholicism (1546, 1549, 1553)
CHAPTER 15 Wars of Religion and Clash of Worldviews, 1560-1648
1. Legislating Tolerance: Henry IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)
2. Barbarians All: Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals (1580s)
3. Defending Religious Liberty: Apology of the Bohemian Estates (May 25, 1618)
4. The Scientific Challenge: Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1615)
5. The Persecution of Witches: The Trial of Suzanne Gaudry (1652)
1. Legislating Tolerance: Henry IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)
2. Barbarians All: Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals (1580s)
3. Defending Religious Liberty: Apology of the Bohemian Estates (May 25, 1618)
4. The Scientific Challenge: Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1615)
5. The Persecution of Witches: The Trial of Suzanne Gaudry (1652)
CHAPTER 16 Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and the Search for Order, 1640-1715
1. Mercantilism in the Colonies: Instructions from Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1667, 1668) and Royal Ordinance (1669)
2. Regime Change: The Trial of Charles I (January 1649)
3. Civil War and Social Contract: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
4. The Consent of the Governed: John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (1690)
5. Opposing Serfdom: Ludwig Fabritius, The Revolt of Stenka Razin (1670)
1. Mercantilism in the Colonies: Instructions from Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1667, 1668) and Royal Ordinance (1669)
2. Regime Change: The Trial of Charles I (January 1649)
3. Civil War and Social Contract: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)
4. The Consent of the Governed: John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (1690)
5. Opposing Serfdom: Ludwig Fabritius, The Revolt of Stenka Razin (1670)
CHAPTER 17 The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1700-1750
1. Captivity and Enslavement: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself (1789)
2. A “Sober and Wholesome Drink”: A Brief Description of the Excellent Vertues of That Sober and Wholesome Drink, Called Coffee (1674)
3. Westernizing Russian Culture: Peter I, Decrees and Statutes (1701-1723)
4. Early Enlightenment: Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733)
5. Questioning Women's Submission: Mary Astell, Reflections upon Marriage (1706)
1. Captivity and Enslavement: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself (1789)
2. A “Sober and Wholesome Drink”: A Brief Description of the Excellent Vertues of That Sober and Wholesome Drink, Called Coffee (1674)
3. Westernizing Russian Culture: Peter I, Decrees and Statutes (1701-1723)
4. Early Enlightenment: Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation (1733)
5. Questioning Women's Submission: Mary Astell, Reflections upon Marriage (1706)
CHAPTER 18 The Promise of Enlightenment, 1750-1789
1. Rethinking Modern Civilization: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men (1753)
2. An Enlightened Worker: Jacques-Louis Ménétra, Journal of My Life (1764-1802)
3. Reforming the Law: Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
4. Reforming Commerce: Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
5. Enlightened Monarchy: Frederick II, Political Testament (1752)
1. Rethinking Modern Civilization: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men (1753)
2. An Enlightened Worker: Jacques-Louis Ménétra, Journal of My Life (1764-1802)
3. Reforming the Law: Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
4. Reforming Commerce: Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
5. Enlightened Monarchy: Frederick II, Political Testament (1752)
CHAPTER 19 The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789-1799
1. Defining the Nation: Abbé Sieyès, What Is the Third Estate? (1789)
2. The People under the Old Regime: Political Cartoon (1815)
3. Establishing Rights: National Assembly, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
4. A Call for Women's Inclusion: Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791)
5. Defending Terror: Maximilien Robespierre, Report on the Principles of Political Morality (1794)
6. Liberty for All?: Decree of General Liberty (August 29, 1793) and Bramante Lazzary, General Call to Local Insurgents (August 30, 1793)
1. Defining the Nation: Abbé Sieyès, What Is the Third Estate? (1789)
2. The People under the Old Regime: Political Cartoon (1815)
3. Establishing Rights: National Assembly, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
4. A Call for Women's Inclusion: Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights of Woman (1791)
5. Defending Terror: Maximilien Robespierre, Report on the Principles of Political Morality (1794)
6. Liberty for All?: Decree of General Liberty (August 29, 1793) and Bramante Lazzary, General Call to Local Insurgents (August 30, 1793)
CHAPTER 20 Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800-1830
1. Napoleon in Egypt: The Chronicle of Abd al-Rahmanal-Jabartî (1798)
2. The Conservative Order: Prince Klemens von Metternich, Results of the Congress at Laybach (1821)
3. Challenge to Autocracy: Peter Kakhovsky, The Decembrist Insurrection in Russia (1825)
4. The Romantic Imagination: William Wordsworth, Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1800)
5. Musical Romanticism: Reviews of Beethoven's Works (1799, 1812)
CHAPTER 21 Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830-1850
1. Establishing New Work Habits: Factory Rules in Berlin (1844)
2. New Rules for the Middle Class: Sarah Stickney Ellis, Characteristics of the Women of England (1839)
3. The Division of Labor: Testimony Gathered by Ashley's Mines Commission (1842) and Punch Magazine, “Capital and Labour” (1843)
4. What Is the Proletariat?: Friedrich Engels, Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith (1847)
5. Demanding Political Freedom: Address by the Hungarian Parliament (March 14, 1848) and Demands of the Hungarian People (March 15, 1848)
6. Imperialism and Opium: Commissioner Lin, Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)
1. Establishing New Work Habits: Factory Rules in Berlin (1844)
2. New Rules for the Middle Class: Sarah Stickney Ellis, Characteristics of the Women of England (1839)
3. The Division of Labor: Testimony Gathered by Ashley's Mines Commission (1842) and Punch Magazine, “Capital and Labour” (1843)
4. What Is the Proletariat?: Friedrich Engels, Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith (1847)
5. Demanding Political Freedom: Address by the Hungarian Parliament (March 14, 1848) and Demands of the Hungarian People (March 15, 1848)
6. Imperialism and Opium: Commissioner Lin, Letter to Queen Victoria (1839)
CHAPTER 22 Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850-1870
1. Ending Serfdom in Russia: Peter Kropótkin, Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1861)
2. Fighting for Italian Nationalism: Camillo di Cavour, Letter to King Victor Emmanuel (July 24, 1858)
3. Realpolitik and Otto von Bismarck: Rudolf von Ihering, Two Letters (1866)
4. Social Evolution: Herbert Spencer, Progress: Its Law and Cause (1857)
5. The Science of Man: Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (1871)
1. Ending Serfdom in Russia: Peter Kropótkin, Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1861)
2. Fighting for Italian Nationalism: Camillo di Cavour, Letter to King Victor Emmanuel (July 24, 1858)
3. Realpolitik and Otto von Bismarck: Rudolf von Ihering, Two Letters (1866)
4. Social Evolution: Herbert Spencer, Progress: Its Law and Cause (1857)
5. The Science of Man: Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (1871)
CHAPTER 23 Empire, Industry, and Everyday Life, 1870-1890
1. Defending Conquest: Jules Ferry, Speech before the French National Assembly (1883)
2. Resisting Imperialism: Ndansi Kumalo, His Story (1890s)
3. Global Competition: Ernest Edwin Williams, Made in Germany (1896)
4. The Advance of Unionism: Margaret Bondfield, A Life's Work (1948)
5. Artistic Expression: Edgar Degas, Notebooks (1863-1884)
1. Defending Conquest: Jules Ferry, Speech before the French National Assembly (1883)
2. Resisting Imperialism: Ndansi Kumalo, His Story (1890s)
3. Global Competition: Ernest Edwin Williams, Made in Germany (1896)
4. The Advance of Unionism: Margaret Bondfield, A Life's Work (1948)
5. Artistic Expression: Edgar Degas, Notebooks (1863-1884)
CHAPTER 24 Modernity and the Road to War, 1890-1914
1. The Idealized Family: Eugenics Education Society of London, Eugenics for Citizens: Aim of Eugenics (c. 1907)
2. Tapping the Human Psyche: Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
3. The Dreyfus Affair: Émile Zola, “J'accuse!” (January 13, 1898)
4. Militant Suffrage: Emmeline Pankhurst, Speech from the Dock (1908)
5. Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism: Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden and Editorial from the San Francisco Call (1899)
6. Exalting War: Heinrich von Treitschke, Place of Warfare in the State (1897-1898) and Henri Massis and Alfred de Tarde, The Young People of Today (1912)
1. The Idealized Family: Eugenics Education Society of London, Eugenics for Citizens: Aim of Eugenics (c. 1907)
2. Tapping the Human Psyche: Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900)
3. The Dreyfus Affair: Émile Zola, “J'accuse!” (January 13, 1898)
4. Militant Suffrage: Emmeline Pankhurst, Speech from the Dock (1908)
5. Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism: Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden and Editorial from the San Francisco Call (1899)
6. Exalting War: Heinrich von Treitschke, Place of Warfare in the State (1897-1898) and Henri Massis and Alfred de Tarde, The Young People of Today (1912)
CHAPTER 25: World War I and Its Aftermath, 1914-1929
1. The Horrors of War: Fritz Franke and Siegfried Sassoon, Two Soldiers' Views (1914-1918)
2. Mobilizing for Total War: L. Doriat, Women on the Home Front (1917)
3. Revolutionary Marxism Defended: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, The State and Revolution (1917)
4. Establishing Fascism in Italy: Benito Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism (1932)
5. A New Form of Anti-Semitism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925)
1. The Horrors of War: Fritz Franke and Siegfried Sassoon, Two Soldiers' Views (1914-1918)
2. Mobilizing for Total War: L. Doriat, Women on the Home Front (1917)
3. Revolutionary Marxism Defended: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, The State and Revolution (1917)
4. Establishing Fascism in Italy: Benito Mussolini, The Doctrine of Fascism (1932)
5. A New Form of Anti-Semitism: Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925)
CHAPTER 26 The Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945
1. Socialist Nationalism: Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Propaganda Pamphlet (1930)
2. The Spanish Civil War: Eyewitness Accounts of the Bombing of Guernica (1937)
3. Seeking a Diplomatic Solution: Neville Chamberlain, Speech on the Munich Crisis (1938)
4. The Final Solution: Sam Bankhalter and Hinda Kibort, Memories of the Holocaust (1938-1945)
5. Atomic Catastrophe: Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary (August 7, 1945)
1. Socialist Nationalism: Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Propaganda Pamphlet (1930)
2. The Spanish Civil War: Eyewitness Accounts of the Bombing of Guernica (1937)
3. Seeking a Diplomatic Solution: Neville Chamberlain, Speech on the Munich Crisis (1938)
4. The Final Solution: Sam Bankhalter and Hinda Kibort, Memories of the Holocaust (1938-1945)
5. Atomic Catastrophe: Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary (August 7, 1945)
CHAPTER 27 The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, 1945-1960s
1. Stalin and the Western Threat: The Formation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) (1947)
2. Truman and the Soviet Threat: National Security Council, Paper Number 68 (1950)
3. Throwing Off Colonialism: Ho Chi Minh, Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Vietnam (1945)
4. The Condition of Modern Women: Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949)
5. Cold War Anxieties in Popular Culture: Review of Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb and Reader Reactions from the New York Times (1964)
1. Stalin and the Western Threat: The Formation of the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) (1947)
2. Truman and the Soviet Threat: National Security Council, Paper Number 68 (1950)
3. Throwing Off Colonialism: Ho Chi Minh, Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Vietnam (1945)
4. The Condition of Modern Women: Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949)
5. Cold War Anxieties in Popular Culture: Review of Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb and Reader Reactions from the New York Times (1964)
CHAPTER 28 Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1960S-1989
1. Prague Spring: Josef Smrkovsky´, What Lies Ahead (February 9, 1968)
2. A Revolutionary Time: Student Voices of Protest (1968)
3. Children Fleeing Napalm Attack in South Vietnam: Nick Ut, Photograph (June 8, 1972)
4. The Rising Power of OPEC: U.S. Embassy, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Ban on Oil Shipments to the United States (October 23, 1973)
5. Facing Terrorism: Jacques Chirac, New French Antiterrorist Laws (September 14, 1986)
6. Debating Change in the Soviet Union: Glasnost and the Soviet Press (1988)
1. Prague Spring: Josef Smrkovsky´, What Lies Ahead (February 9, 1968)
2. A Revolutionary Time: Student Voices of Protest (1968)
3. Children Fleeing Napalm Attack in South Vietnam: Nick Ut, Photograph (June 8, 1972)
4. The Rising Power of OPEC: U.S. Embassy, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Ban on Oil Shipments to the United States (October 23, 1973)
5. Facing Terrorism: Jacques Chirac, New French Antiterrorist Laws (September 14, 1986)
6. Debating Change in the Soviet Union: Glasnost and the Soviet Press (1988)
CHAPTER 29 A New Globalism, 1989 to the Present
1. Ethnic Cleansing: The Diary of Zlata Filipovic´ (October 6, 1991-June 29, 1992)
2. The Challenges of EU Expansion: Paresh Nath, EU Membership Prospect Cartoon (February 23, 2009)
3. Addressing Climate Change in the Euro Zone: The European Commission's Energy Roadmap 2050 (2011)
4. An End to Apartheid: The African National Congress, Introductory Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (August 19, 1996)
5. China in the Global Age: Chinese Olympic Committee, Announcements on Preparations for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games (2004-2007)
6. The Post-9/11 Era: Amartya Sen, A World Not Neatly Divided (November 23, 2001)
1. Ethnic Cleansing: The Diary of Zlata Filipovic´ (October 6, 1991-June 29, 1992)
2. The Challenges of EU Expansion: Paresh Nath, EU Membership Prospect Cartoon (February 23, 2009)
3. Addressing Climate Change in the Euro Zone: The European Commission's Energy Roadmap 2050 (2011)
4. An End to Apartheid: The African National Congress, Introductory Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (August 19, 1996)
5. China in the Global Age: Chinese Olympic Committee, Announcements on Preparations for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games (2004-2007)
6. The Post-9/11 Era: Amartya Sen, A World Not Neatly Divided (November 23, 2001)
Authors
Katharine J. Lualdi
Katharine J. Lualdi (Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania) is a scholar and educator whose passion is supporting student success within and beyond the classroom. As a scholar she has coedited Penitence in the Age of Reformations (Ashgate, 2000) and Handbook for Curates: A Late Medieval Manual of Pastoral Care (The Catholic University of America Press, 2011). She has also authored numerous articles and book chapters on sixteenth-century French Catholicism. After teaching history and religion at the University of Southern Maine for many years, she is now the director of TRIO student support services at Southern Maine Community College, a federally funded grant-based program serving low-income, first generation, and disabled college students with the goal of increasing their retention and graduation rates and helping them make the transition from one level of higher education to the next.
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