The Fascist Revolution in Italy
A Brief History with DocumentsFirst Edition ©2013
As the first mass movement of the radical right to assume power in the wake of World War I, Italian Fascism became the model and inspiration for violent anti-democratic and anti-socialist forces that swept Europe between 1919 and 1945. In this volume Marla S. Stone provides an essential introduct...
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Institutional Prices
As the first mass movement of the radical right to assume power in the wake of World War I, Italian Fascism became the model and inspiration for violent anti-democratic and anti-socialist forces that swept Europe between 1919 and 1945. In this volume Marla S. Stone provides an essential introduction to the rise and fall of Benito Mussolini's Fascist dictatorship. Drawing on the most recent historical scholarship, Stone explores the multifaceted nature of Fascist rule, which drew strength not only from its terror apparatus but also from popular support for its social programs. More than 35 primary sources, including speeches, decrees, memoirs, telegrams, songs, and artwork, demonstrate how Fascism shaped all aspects of Italian life. More than a dozen Italian documents are translated into English for the first time. Photographs, maps, document headnotes, a chronology, questions for consideration, and a selected bibliography provide pedagogical support.
"Stone's book is an enlightening introduction to the complex and contradictory Fascist regime in Italy."
— Steven C. Soper, The University of Georgia
"I appreciate Stone's focus on Italian Fascism on its own terms, as a unique feature of European politics rather than a weaker version of German Nazism."
— Carol Helstosky, University of Denver
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Maps and Illustrations
PART ONE. INTRODUCTION: THE RISE AND FALL OF FASCISM IN ITALY
Long Term Causes for the Rise of Fascism
The First World War and the Postwar Crisis
The Birth and Triumph of Fascism
The Destruction of the Liberal Order and the Consolidation of the Dictatorship
Fascist Politics and Ideology
Italian Society, Economy, and Culture under Fascism
War, Empire, and Defeat
PART TWO. THE DOCUMENTS
1. The Birth and Triumph of Fascism
1. Benito Mussolini, Trenchocracy, December 15, 1917
2. Benito Mussolini, Afternoon Speech of March 23, 1919
3. The Program of the Fascist Armed Squads, June 6, 1919
4. The Platform of the National Fascist Party, November 1921
5. Italo Balbo, Squadrismo, 1922
2. The Destruction of the Liberal Order and the Consolidation of the Dictatorship
6. Law Establishing the Fascist Militia, January 14, 1923
7. Benito Mussolini, Proclamation of Open Dictatorship, Speech to Parliament, January 3, 1925
8. The Laws of the Fascist "Legal Revolution": Decree on Public Safety, November 6, 1926, and Law for the Defense of the State, November 25, 1926
9. W.D. Moffat, "After Mussolini, What?" The Mentor, November 1927
3. Fascist Politics and Ideology
10. Margarita Sarfatti, DUX, 1925
11. Fascist Anthem, "Youth," 1917
12. The Lateran Pacts, February 11, 1929
13. Lauro De Bosis, The Story of My Death, 1933
14. Benito Mussolini, The Social and Political Doctrine of Fascism, 1932
15. Achille Starace, Going Toward the People, 1933
16. "Three Girls Do the Roman Salute at a Summer Camp in Marina di Pietro," 1930-31
17. Fascist Decalogues, 1928, 1936, 1942
18. The Clarifying Word of the Duce to the World, 1939
19. The Manifesto on Race, July 14, 1938
20. The Racial Laws, September and November 1938
21. The Defense of the Race, August 1938
22. Rosetta Loy, First Words: A Childhood in Fascist Italy, 1928-1943
4. Italian Society, Economy, and Culture under Fascism
23. Nino Sammartano, Lessons in Fascist Culture for Use in Middle Schools, 1937
24. Programs and Courses Offered by the Fascist Women’s Organization, 1937
25. The Italian Woman at War, 1941
26. The Charter of Labor, April 21, 1927
27. Benito Mussolini, On the Corporate State, 1933
28. Benito Mussolini, The Twentieth Century: Inauguration Speech at Opening of the First Novecento Exhibition, February 15, 1926
29. Mario De Renzi and Adalberto Libera, Façade of the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution, 1932
30. Ardengo Soffici, Fascist Art, 1928
31. The Futurist Manifesto on Airpainting (Aeropittura), 1929
32. Menin, The Battle of Uorc Amba as Experienced by the Futurist Blackshirt Menin, 1936
5. War, Empire, and Collapse
33. Benito Mussolini, The Discourse on Empire, May 9, 1936
34. Benito Mussolini, Orders for the Use of Poison Gas against the Ethiopians, 1935-1937
35. Song from the Spanish Civil War: "Long Live Spain!"
36. A Legionary’s Christmas on the Russian Front, February 1, 1942
37. Eugenio Corti, Few Returned: Twenty-eight Days on the Russian Front, Winter 1942-1943
Appendixes
A Chronology of Fascism in Italy, 1914-1945
Questions for Consideration
Selected Bibliography
Index
Authors
Marla Stone
Marla S. Stone (Ph.D. Princeton University) is Professor of History at Occidental College where she specializes in modern European history and the political and cultural history of modern Italy. Her works include The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy, which won the Marraro Prize of the Society of Italian Historical Studies, and When the Wall Came Down: Responses to German Reunification, which she edited with Harold James. Her work on Fascist art and politics, Italian political culture, and history and memory has appeared in numerous anthologies and journals.
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